Koen Dekkers | 16-01-2025 | Effects of lipids on DNA methylation and gene expression of immune cells implicated in atherosclerosis
Cardiovascular diseases, the leading cause of death worldwide, are often the result of atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease where lipids and immune cells accumulate in blood vessel walls. While LDL cholesterol has long been in the spotlight, recent research highlights triglycerides as another key factor contributing to cardiovascular risk. This thesis demonstrates how lipids alter processes that regulate immune cell function, potentially influencing atherosclerosis development.
Using human population studies, we identified changes in genes linked to lipid metabolism and the immune system. We then employed Mendelian randomization, a statistical approach, to assess cause and consequence. Additionally, cell culture experiments provided a controlled environment to study the effect of lipids on specific immune cells. Notably, we discovered that triglycerides, besides their role in cardiovascular diseases, can suppress allergic reactions.
These findings shed light on the complex interplay between lipids and the immune system, offering avenues for further research using advanced technologies. We identified 374 genes involved in these processes, many previously unreported in similar studies. Of these, 88 are targets of approved drugs. This knowledge supports the development of new treatments to prevent and manage cardiovascular diseases, marking a significant step in addressing a global health challenge.